Clouds above the Lovers
By robert | April 9, 2008
I think there’s something wrong with the Lovers card in the Marseille Tarots.
I’ve mentioned it before elsewhere, but I think it’s worth bringing up again. Let’s take a look at the Lovers card from the Jean Noblet Tarot, (Paris, 1650):
Notice the area that contains the cupid? The shape of this area has always bothered me. It seems erratically drawn, why isn’t the shape more circular or evenly distributed?
We find a similar design on the Jean Dodal Tarot, (Lyon, early 1700s):
The Dodal strikes me as less odd, but still somewhat strange.
I would have left it at this, but noticed something very interesting one day when examining a set of cards illustrated in Kaplan’s Encyclopedia of Tarot, Volume II.
The deck that caught my eye was one created by François Heri, a Tarot of Besançon style deck (where the Pope and Popess are replaced with Jupiter and Juno). Like the Jean Dodal Tarot, it was created sometime in the early 1700s. This deck is particularly interesting because it is the only deck I have ever encountered which is similar in proportion to the Jean Noblet Tarot. The deck is shorter and wider in proportion to other Besançon decks just as the Noblet shows the same relationship to other Marseille tarots. The two are obviously related somehow. There are little differences on nearly every card, most of these of a typical Besançon style; (as an example, the Devil is slightly different than in Marseille Tarots, he has hairy legs and his minions are shown in profile).
Because the Heri and the Noblet are so similar, I find it very exciting to compare where they “agree” iconographically, and where they differ. Unfortunately, I’ve only the enlarged black and white images from the Encyclopedia to use for comparison; but it is the best that I have at this time to work with. It was in such a comparison that I first noticed a striking difference between the Heri and the Noblet on the Lovers. The Heri has clouds about the Lovers.
For me, the Heri depiction makes much more sense.
And that’s odd because in almost every way, the Heri is a generally cruder. Why would Heri add the clouds?
Perhaps the answer is that the clouds are just a typical detail that appears in the Besançon decks, but not in the Marseille decks? It’s true they do appear on other Besançon decks. Here for example is the Marseille Tarot by Jean Dodal, and the Besançon Tarot by J.B. Benois:
Notice how poorly the wings of the cupid are drawn on the Jean Dodal; and also the way the upper leg is disconnected from the body? Even though the Jean Dodal is the older of the pair, again I feel that the Besançon Tarot makes more “sense”. It’s interesting as well to note that both the Heri and the Benois Besançon Tarots follow the same “TdM I” style exemplified by Noblet and Dodal. Even the character’s feet which are missing from the Dodal are also missing on the Benois.
The “TdM II” style associated with the François Chosson and Nicholas Conver portrays the Lovers card very differently. Here is the François Chosson:
Here the Cupid is reversed and without a blindfold, the feel is entirely different.
I’m not sure what to make of this. I’m inclined to think that the card “should” have the clouds on it. The depiction in the Besançon Tarots makes more “visual sense” to me than their cousins in the Marseille Tarots.
To be fair, it’s very possible that when the Besançon style was first being developed, a cardmaker also felt that the cupid could be improved and redesigned the Marseille card to have the clouds.
I’m not so sure though.
I’m more inclined to think that the Besançon Tarots “retain” a feature that probably existed in early Marseille decks, but was “lost” in the Marseille “bloodline” by the time of the Noblet.
There is another possibility that I have been considering ever since I first noticed this years ago. Is it possible that the Noblet and the Dodal are actually modified Besançon Tarots, adapted to meet the style of the Marseille? Is the “TdM I” really a modified Besancon to take on traits of the “TdM II”? I think it unlikely, but worth mentioning.
What do you think? Are there clouds above the Lovers?
Feel free to comment here, or join a discussion on the topic in the Tarot History Forum.
Topics: Besançon Tarot, François Chosson, Jean Dodal Tarot, Jean Noblet Tarot, Marseille Tarot, Nicholas Conver Tarot | 10 Comments »
Tarot History Forum
By robert | April 8, 2008
TarotHistory.com is happy to announce that we have added a forum to the site.
My very good friend “jmd” joins me in welcoming interested visitors to take a look around the forum and to consider joining if it appeals to you.
We’ve used a “club” metaphor because the idea of a plush place where those interested in Tarot History could gather, wander through rooms filled with books and documents, or just kick back with a sherry by the fire for some friendly conversation seemed, well, appealing and fun.
Most of the “rooms” are open to guests for viewing, but registration is required to join the conversations or start new ones. Thare are also a few “private” rooms reserved just for registered members.
We expect that the forum will remain a rather small group. We’ve tried to create a welcoming, friendly atmosphere to discuss Tarot History with friends; if that’s appealing to you, we’ll be pleased to see you there.
Topics: Site Notes, Tarot History, Tarot History Forum | No Comments »
An Unfamiliar and Beautiful Belgian Tarot
By robert | March 17, 2008
My online excursion through the Bibliothèque nationale de France not only turned up some interesting woodblocks, I also stumbled across this set of cards which appear to be related to the Belgian Tarot:
The BnF had this description (in French)
cote cliché: RC-C-01562
légende: Cartes à jouer : coupes, points et figures
département: Estampes et photographie
cote du document: RES KH-167 (367)-BOITE 8
partie de: Jeu de cartes
folio, pagination: Numéro 367
catégorie: Estampes
descripteur(s): jeu de cartes
This description doesn’t seem to reveal much other than that they are a “game of cards”.
I noticed immediately that the cards were related the the Jacques Vieville tarot, and the “Belgian Tarot”.
A good example of the Belgian Tarot pattern is the deck referred to as the “Bacchus Tarot”, or “Vandenborre Bacchus Tarot”, published by Carta Mundi/US Games.
The Belgian Tarot is thought to be a split from the Marseille Tarot, probably sometime in the 17th Century. Some consider the Jacques Vieville Tarot to be an ancestor, or classify the Vieville itself as a Belgian Tarot. With the Vieville dating, we know that most of the iconography of the pattern was set by the mid-1600s. The Belgian Tarot pattern is notable for replacing the Popess and Pope with, respectively, “Bacchus” and the “Spanish Captain Fracasse” (a figure from the Commedia dell’arte). The Tower has been replaced with “Lightening”, showing a shepard taking shelter under a tree. Other cards like the Sun, Moon, Star, and World also have distinctive features. The Vieville could be considered a mix of the Marseille tarot and the Belgian tarot as it has most of the iconography of the Belgian pattern, yet maintains the Pope and Popess of traditional Tarot.
You can read more about the Belgian Tarot on Andys Playing Cards and The Tarot Hermit.
Let’s look at the similarities of these decks.
The King of Coins
Jacques Vieville Tarot, Unknown BnF Belgian Tarot, Bacchus Belgian Tarot
Like the Vieville, the BnF image is untitled. The Bacchus cardmaker obviously placed the title on top of the existing image, practically obstructing the underlying image.
Most surprising to me is that the king seems to have lost part of his crown. I posted last week about the crowns of the Jacques Vieville Tarot, and my curiosity to discover if such crowns have ever actually existed, or whether they could be traced in art history. Even the Marseille Tarots show some form of hat coming out from the sides. Like so many other old tarot cards, the trend often seems to simplify; to remove detail. The Marseille decks that still exist do not show the top of the throne on the King of Cups, yet I suspect that, like the Belgian pattern, older, now lost versions of the Marseille Tarot probably also showed the top of the throne, but it was lost to “simplification”. For example, here is the King of Cups from the Jean Noblet Tarot:
The BnF Belgian seems to indicate fur on the kings trim, as does the Bacchus. I imagine this is to imply ermine fur, which carried the connotation of purity, and was often represented on royalty.
It’s also interesting to see the wall under the king’s leg replacing the throne and pillow on the Vieville.
It’s possible that the BnF and the Bacchus have reinterpreted the underside of the kings coat to be a pillow that he sits upon.
The Knight of Cups
Jacques Vieville Tarot, Unknown BnF Belgian Tarot, Bacchus Belgian Tarot
These images are all very similar. The coat with open sleeves and clasp, the spurs, the long hair; the Knight remains consistent. The horse changes slightly in the BnF version, rising higher off the ground; possibly due to the relatively small width of the card. The fringe on the covering of the Vieville Tarot horse is square, the others show a rounded trim.
The Valet of Cups
Jacques Vieville Tarot, Unknown BnF Belgian Tarot, Bacchus Belgian Tarot
The most obvious difference in the three depictions of the Valet of Cups is the different hats worn by the valets. It’s possible that all three indicate a chain of flowers worn around the brim. The Jacques Vieville Tarot cuts off the top of what appears to be a rather “fluffy” hat. The BnF Belgian Tarot only shows what appears to be a headband, but also has a distinct plume. The Bacchus Belgian Tarot is difficult to discern; some sort of at, possibly with feathers, is indicated.
Another clear difference is that while the BnF Valet seems to be standing still, with feet pointing in opposing directions, the Vieville and Bacchus seem to indicate movement, as if the valet is walking.
All three show an open cup in the Valet’s left hand, and the lid to the cup in the right. Typically, the Jacques Vieville Tarot shows the most detail of the three.
Beautiful Pips
What really struck me when looking at this group of cards was how beautiful the pips are. I’ve never seen any pips quite like these. The engraver put a lot of effort into the decoration of the pips, cards that often feel like a nessarary afterthought on so many decks. Instead, these cards show great detail in the ornamentation.
Ace of Cups
Jacques Vieville Tarot, Unknown BnF Belgian Tarot, Besançon Tarot (J.B. Benois)
Considering the Ace of Cups, I was struck by the similarity to the Besançon Tarot; another varient of the Marseille Tarot named after the Besançon region of Eastern France. The Jacques Vieville Tarot Ace of Cups is, (not surprisingly considering they were both created in Paris in the 1650s), very similar to the Jean Noblet Marseille Tarot Ace of Cups:
The BnF Belgian is more rounded, as typically portrayed in the Besançon family, (read more about the Besançon Tarot). It also has some organic growths along the bottom sides.
Two of Cups
Jacques Vieville Tarot, Jean Noblet Tarot, Unknown BnF Belgian Tarot
I think this is my favorite card of them all. I’m not sure at all what the tree growing from the pot is supposed to represent, but I sure love it. I think part of the effort was to get the two cups centered on the card to match other iconography, such as the Vieville and the Noblet, shown here; nevertheless, I find this very beautiful. I love how detailed the branches and leaves are on this card, it’s incredible!
Other Pips
Unknown BnF Belgian Tarot
In every way, this is a beautiful set of cards. It has bold and unique style, yet is not really full of surprises; the iconography is basically the same as other decks.
I’d like to know more about this deck. It seems a most unfamiliar and beautiful representation of tarot, truly a gift to us from the past.
Topics: Belgian Tarot, Jacques Vieville Tarot | 2 Comments »
Flornoy Hand-Stenciled Tarot Cards
By robert | March 17, 2008
I mentioned in the post about the BN Molds that the old fashioned method of producing Tarot cards was to print the Black lines with a block, and then to hand-stencil each of the colors one-by-one.
Amazingly, hand-stenciled cards are still available from cartier-enlumineur Jean-Claude Flornoy, the same craftsman who has published the very successful 78 card edition of the Jean Noblet tarot.
I first encountered these cards almost five years ago on the recommendation of my friend Jean-Michel David. I had asked which cards he recommended for the study of the Marseille Tarots, and he highly recommended the Flornoy editions of the trumps of the Jean Noblet and Jean Dodal decks.
On the Atelier page on Flornoy’s site, you can see the steps taken to reproduce these cards.
Here are examples of the existing cards, and the hand-stenciled Flornoy restoration:
Jean Noblet Tarot, Fool
Jean Dodal Tarot, Fool
The new 78 card version of the Jean Noblet is a delight, but nothing produced in the mass market fashion on a printing press can equal the look and feel of these limited production editions.
The work to produce these cards is extremely labor intensive. I’ve heard unconfirmed rumor that Flornoy will cease producing these decks, if he hasn’t already. I highly recommend obtaining copies while they are still available. They will almost certainly become treasured heirlooms.
Jean-Claude Flornoy’s special 22 card editions of the Jean Noblet Tarot and Jean Dodal Tarot are available on his website on the Tarot Boutique page.
Topics: Jean Dodal Tarot, Jean Noblet Tarot, Jean-Claude Flornoy, Marseille Tarot | No Comments »
An Interesting Tarot Mold from the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris
By robert | March 16, 2008
I was looking through images on the Bibliothèque nationale de France site, and came across a very interesting TdM mold. This type of woodblock mold was used to print the black lines of tarot cards onto sheets of paper, then the sheets were stenciled one color at a time. Unfortunately, the image was not very high resolution, but I was able to increase it in Photoshop to at least get a usable copy to compare with some early Marseille Tarot Decks.
read more: Tarot Card Comparison
Topics: François Chosson, Jean Dodal Tarot, Jean Noblet Tarot, Marseille Tarot, Nicholas Conver Tarot, Tarot History | No Comments »
Vote for your favorite Marseille Tarot
By robert | March 13, 2008
A new thread has been opened on Aeclectic Tarot where members are encouraged to vote for the “Top 3 Tarot de Marsielle”.
http://www.tarotforum.net/showthread.php?t=95246
These were my favorites:
#1 Jean Noblet
#2 Jean Dodal
#3 Nicholas Conver
I’m delighted that the Jean Noblet Tarot is not only my favorite, but seems to be the most popular so far. Make sure you vote!
Topics: Jean Dodal Tarot, Jean Noblet Tarot, Marseille Tarot, Nicholas Conver Tarot | No Comments »
Update: Vieville Crowns
By robert | March 6, 2008
Earlier I mentioned the Crown on the King of Cups, and asked for help in a thread on Aeclectic Tarot to find examples of the crown in the Vieville deck. I was pleased to see some very interesting responses. One of the contributors pointed out that not only does the King of Cups have an Asian feel to him, but also that the Queen and Valet of Cups do. I’ve discussed the “ethnicity” of the Vieville deck with my friend “jmd” at Aeclectic many times over the years, and still haven’t been able to come to a conclusion as to what Vieville may have intended.It’s interesting to compare the Vieville Queen of Cups with the queen from the Jean Dodal deck:
The Queen of Cups does indeed seem to have some type of turban on her head, with the crown placed on top.I was delighted when more people got into the spirit of the “quest” and some suggestions started to emerge of possible relationships to the Vieville. By far, the most interesting similarity so far comes from Florentine painting from the mid-1400s. These images are from the Magi Chapel by Benozzo Gozzoli:
Here is another image from the same set of murals, and the Queen of Coins from Jacques Vieville.
And finally, a pretty good match for the Knight of Cups (and maybe a Knight and Valet of Swords as well!)
Of course, this doesn’t mean anything other than that a set of famous paintings in Italy share some similiarities to the Vieville Tarot. Hopefully, this is just the first set of similar images, and more will be uncovered. Nevertheless, I think these are beautiful.
Topics: Jacques Vieville Tarot, Tarot History | No Comments »
Essays of Andrea Vitali
By robert | March 2, 2008
Andrea Vitali is an Italian Tarot historian who has made many contributions to the study of Tarot History. He’s been instrumental in bringing attention and investigation into the role of Bologna in the development of the Tarot. His book iL Tarocchino di Bologna is worth getting for the pictures alone, even if you can’t read Italian. I find the Bolognese Tarot to be one of the most beautiful, (and least known).
On his Italian website, Mr. Vitali has included some essays on the iconography of several tarot cards. We’re lucky to have English translations available from trionfi.com. Take the time to read them, I guarantee you will learn something; but more importantly, you’re likely to be delighted and enchanted.
English Translation of the Essays:
The Fool
The Popess
The Hanged Man
Temperance
The Tower
The Star
The Moon
The Sun
The World
Topics: Bolognese Tarot, Tarot History | No Comments »
The Mysterious Cary Sheet
By robert | March 2, 2008
Housed in the Cary Collection at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, is a rare find… an uncut sheet of Tarot cards; probably produced in Milan, dating probably as far back as the year 1500. This sheet has come to be known as the “Cary Sheet”, or “Cary-Yale Sheet”.
Could this sheet be the ancestor of the Marseille Tarot?
Read More: The Mysterious Cary Sheet
Topics: Cary Sheet, Marseille Tarot, Tarot History | No Comments »
The Crown on the King of Cups
By robert | March 2, 2008
For a long time I’ve wondered about the crown on the King of Cups in many of the old decks, particularly the Vieville.
How odd it is, with the “wings” coming out the side. Yet, I wonder if it is based on an actual crown? It is extremely detailed for an old woodcut image, including carved ornament and the skullcap underneath. It looks Asian to me, but I’m probably thinking of shogun warriors or perhaps fantasy images.
I’ve started a thread on Aeclectic Tarot to discuss it. Who knows, maybe something will turn up. I hope so.
Topics: Jacques Vieville Tarot, Tarot History | No Comments »
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